NAME
ps - display process status information
SYNOPSIS
ps [-k|-u|-G|-y policy] [-s] [-p|-c|-t|-[l|m][-C cpu]|-a|-g|-r|-S|-A|-H]
[pid | task | command] ...
DESCRIPTION
This command displays process status for selected, or all, processes
in the system. If no arguments are entered, the process data is
is displayed for all processes. Specific processes may be selected
by using the following identifier formats:
pid a process PID.
task a hexadecimal task_struct pointer.
command a command name. If a command name is made up of letters that
are all numerical values, precede the name string with a "\".
If the command string is enclosed within "'" characters, then
the encompassed string must be a POSIX extended regular expression
that will be used to match task names.
The process list may be further restricted by the following options:
-k restrict the output to only kernel threads.
-u restrict the output to only user tasks.
-G display only the thread group leader in a thread group.
-y policy restrict the output to tasks having a specified scheduling policy
expressed by its integer value or by its (case-insensitive) name;
multiple policies may be entered in a comma-separated list:
0 or NORMAL
1 or FIFO
2 or RR
3 or BATCH
4 or ISO
5 or IDLE
6 or DEADLINE
The process identifier types may be mixed. For each task, the following
items are displayed:
1. the process PID.
2. the parent process PID.
3. the CPU number that the task ran on last.
4. the task_struct address or the kernel stack pointer of the process.
(see -s option below)
5. the task state (RU, IN, UN, ZO, ST, TR, DE, SW, WA, PA, ID, NE).
6. the percentage of physical memory being used by this task.
7. the virtual address size of this task in kilobytes.
8. the resident set size of this task in kilobytes.
9. the command name.
The default output shows the task_struct address of each process under a
column titled "TASK". This can be changed to show the kernel stack
pointer under a column titled "KSTACKP".
-s replace the TASK column with the KSTACKP column.
On SMP machines, the active task on each CPU will be highlighted by an
angle bracket (">") preceding its information. If the crash variable
"offline" is set to "hide", the active task on an offline CPU will
be highlighted by a "-" preceding its information.
Alternatively, information regarding parent-child relationships,
per-task time usage data, argument/environment data, thread groups,
or resource limits may be displayed:
-p display the parental hierarchy of selected, or all, tasks.
-c display the children of selected, or all, tasks.
-t display the task run time, start time, and cumulative user
and system times.
-l display the task's last-run timestamp value, using either the
task_struct's last_run value, the task_struct's timestamp value
or the task_struct's sched_entity last_arrival value, whichever
applies, of selected, or all, tasks; the list is sorted with the
most recently-run task (with the largest timestamp) shown first,
followed by the task's current state.
-m similar to -l, but the timestamp value is translated into days,
hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds since the task was
last run on a cpu.
-C cpus only usable with the -l or -m options, dump the timestamp data
in per-cpu blocks, where the cpu[s] can be specified as "1,3,5",
"1-3", "1,3,5-7,10", "all", or "a" (shortcut for "all").
-a display the command line arguments and environment strings of
selected, or all, user-mode tasks.
-g display tasks by thread group, of selected, or all, tasks.
-r display resource limits (rlimits) of selected, or all, tasks.
-S display a summary consisting of the number of tasks in a task state.
-A display only the active task on each cpu.
-H display no header line.
EXAMPLES
Show the process status of all current tasks:
crash> ps
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
> 0 0 3 c024c000 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
> 0 0 0 c0dce000 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
0 0 1 c0fa8000 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
> 0 0 2 c009a000 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
1 0 1 c0098000 IN 0.0 1096 476 init
2 1 1 c0090000 IN 0.0 0 0 [kflushd]
3 1 1 c000e000 IN 0.0 0 0 [kpiod]
4 1 3 c000c000 IN 0.0 0 0 [kswapd]
5 1 1 c0008000 IN 0.0 0 0 [mdrecoveryd]
253 1 2 fbc4c000 IN 0.0 1088 376 portmap
268 1 2 fbc82000 IN 0.1 1232 504 ypbind
274 268 2 fa984000 IN 0.1 1260 556 ypbind
321 1 1 fabf6000 IN 0.1 1264 608 syslogd
332 1 1 fa9be000 RU 0.1 1364 736 klogd
346 1 2 fae88000 IN 0.0 1112 472 atd
360 1 2 faeb2000 IN 0.1 1284 592 crond
378 1 2 fafd6000 IN 0.1 1236 560 inetd
392 1 0 fb710000 IN 0.1 2264 1468 named
406 1 3 fb768000 IN 0.1 1284 560 lpd
423 1 1 fb8ac000 IN 0.1 1128 528 rpc.statd
434 1 2 fb75a000 IN 0.0 1072 376 rpc.rquotad
445 1 2 fb4a4000 IN 0.0 1132 456 rpc.mountd
460 1 1 fa938000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
461 1 1 faa86000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
462 1 0 fac48000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
463 1 0 fb4ca000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
464 1 0 fb4c8000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
465 1 2 fba6e000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
466 1 1 fba6c000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
467 1 2 fac04000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
468 461 2 fa93a000 IN 0.0 0 0 [lockd]
469 468 2 fa93e000 IN 0.0 0 0 [rpciod]
486 1 0 fab54000 IN 0.1 1596 880 amd
523 1 2 fa84e000 IN 0.1 1884 1128 sendmail
538 1 0 fa82c000 IN 0.0 1112 416 gpm
552 1 3 fa70a000 IN 0.1 2384 1220 httpd
556 552 3 fa776000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
557 552 2 faba4000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
558 552 1 fa802000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
559 552 3 fa6ee000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
560 552 3 fa700000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
561 552 0 fa6f0000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
562 552 3 fa6ea000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
563 552 0 fa67c000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
564 552 3 fa674000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
565 552 3 fa66a000 IN 0.1 2572 1352 httpd
582 1 2 fa402000 IN 0.2 2968 1916 xfs
633 1 2 fa1ec000 IN 0.2 5512 2248 innd
636 1 3 fa088000 IN 0.1 2536 804 actived
676 1 0 fa840000 IN 0.0 1060 384 mingetty
677 1 1 fa590000 IN 0.0 1060 384 mingetty
678 1 2 fa3b8000 IN 0.0 1060 384 mingetty
679 1 0 fa5b8000 IN 0.0 1060 384 mingetty
680 1 1 fa3a4000 IN 0.0 1060 384 mingetty
681 1 2 fa30a000 IN 0.0 1060 384 mingetty
683 1 3 fa5d8000 IN 0.0 1052 280 update
686 378 1 fa3aa000 IN 0.1 2320 1136 in.rlogind
687 686 2 f9e52000 IN 0.1 2136 1000 login
688 687 0 f9dec000 IN 0.1 1732 976 bash
> 700 688 1 f9d62000 RU 0.0 1048 256 gen12
Display the parental hierarchy of the "crash" process on a live system:
crash> ps -p 4249
PID: 0 TASK: c0252000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "swapper"
PID: 1 TASK: c009a000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "init"
PID: 632 TASK: c73b6000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "prefdm"
PID: 637 TASK: c5a4a000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "prefdm"
PID: 649 TASK: c179a000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "kwm"
PID: 683 TASK: c1164000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "kfm"
PID: 1186 TASK: c165a000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "xterm"
PID: 1188 TASK: c705e000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "bash"
PID: 4249 TASK: c6b9a000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "crash"
Display all children of the "kwm" window manager:
crash> ps -c kwm
PID: 649 TASK: c179a000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "kwm"
PID: 682 TASK: c2d58000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "kwmsound"
PID: 683 TASK: c1164000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "kfm"
PID: 685 TASK: c053c000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "krootwm"
PID: 686 TASK: c13fa000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "kpanel"
PID: 687 TASK: c13f0000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "kbgndwm"
Display all threads in a firefox session:
crash> ps firefox
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
21273 21256 6 ffff81003ec15080 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
21276 21256 6 ffff81003f49e7e0 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
21280 21256 0 ffff81003ec1d7e0 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
21286 21256 6 ffff81000b0d1820 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
21287 21256 2 ffff81000b0d10c0 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
26975 21256 5 ffff81003b5c1820 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
26976 21256 5 ffff810023232820 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
26977 21256 4 ffff810021a11820 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
26978 21256 5 ffff810003159040 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
26979 21256 5 ffff81003a058820 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
Display only the thread group leader in the firefox session:
crash> ps -G firefox
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
21273 21256 0 ffff81003ec15080 IN 46.3 1138276 484364 firefox
Show the time usage data for pid 10318:
crash> ps -t 10318
PID: 10318 TASK: f7b85550 CPU: 5 COMMAND: "bash"
RUN TIME: 1 days, 01:35:32
START TIME: 5209
UTIME: 95
STIME: 57
Show the process status of PID 1, task f9dec000, and all nfsd tasks:
crash> ps 1 f9dec000 nfsd
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
1 0 1 c0098000 IN 0.0 1096 476 init
688 687 0 f9dec000 IN 0.1 1732 976 bash
460 1 1 fa938000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
461 1 1 faa86000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
462 1 0 fac48000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
463 1 0 fb4ca000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
464 1 0 fb4c8000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
465 1 2 fba6e000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
466 1 1 fba6c000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
467 1 2 fac04000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
Show all kernel threads:
crash> ps -k
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
0 0 1 c0fac000 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
0 0 0 c0252000 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
2 1 1 c0fa0000 IN 0.0 0 0 [kflushd]
3 1 1 c03de000 IN 0.0 0 0 [kpiod]
4 1 1 c03dc000 IN 0.0 0 0 [kswapd]
5 1 0 c0092000 IN 0.0 0 0 [mdrecoveryd]
336 1 0 c4a9a000 IN 0.0 0 0 [rpciod]
337 1 0 c4830000 IN 0.0 0 0 [lockd]
487 1 1 c4ba6000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
488 1 0 c18c6000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
489 1 0 c0cac000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
490 1 0 c056a000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
491 1 0 c0860000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
492 1 1 c0254000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
493 1 0 c0a86000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
494 1 0 c0968000 IN 0.0 0 0 [nfsd]
Display a summary consisting of the number of tasks in a task state:
crash> ps -S
RU: 5
IN: 259
UN: 31
ZO: 1
Display only the active task, on each cpu:
crash> ps -A
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
> 10 2 1 ffff880212969710 IN 0.0 0 0 [migration/1]
> 0 0 3 ffff884026d43520 RU 0.0 0 0 [swapper]
> 6582 1 2 ffff880f49c52040 RU 0.0 42202472 33368 oracle
> 9497 1 0 ffff880549ec2ab0 RU 0.0 42314692 138664 oracle
Show all tasks sorted by their task_struct's last_run, timestamp, or
sched_entity last_arrival timestamp value, whichever applies:
crash> ps -l
[20811245123] [IN] PID: 37 TASK: f7153030 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "events/2"
[20811229959] [IN] PID: 1756 TASK: f2a5a570 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "ntpd"
[20800696644] [IN] PID: 1456 TASK: f2b1f030 CPU: 4 COMMAND: "irqbalance"
[20617047229] [IN] PID: 2324 TASK: f57f9570 CPU: 5 COMMAND: "flush-253:0"
[20617029209] [IN] PID: 49 TASK: f7167030 CPU: 4 COMMAND: "bdi-default"
[20438025365] [IN] PID: 345 TASK: f55c7ab0 CPU: 3 COMMAND: "mpt_poll_0"
[20103026046] [IN] PID: 728 TASK: f72ba570 CPU: 3 COMMAND: "edac-poller"
[20000189409] [IN] PID: 35 TASK: f7153ab0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "events/0"
[20000179905] [IN] PID: 48 TASK: f7167570 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "sync_supers"
[19997120354] [IN] PID: 36 TASK: f7153570 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "events/1"
[19991059209] [IN] PID: 38 TASK: f715fab0 CPU: 3 COMMAND: "events/3"
[19988091608] [IN] PID: 39 TASK: f715f570 CPU: 4 COMMAND: "events/4"
[19985076530] [IN] PID: 40 TASK: f715f030 CPU: 5 COMMAND: "events/5"
[19982019106] [IN] PID: 41 TASK: f7161ab0 CPU: 6 COMMAND: "events/6"
[19982016294] [IN] PID: 29 TASK: f7109ab0 CPU: 6 COMMAND: "ksoftirqd/6"
[19838402345] [RU] PID: 2331 TASK: f297f570 CPU: 7 COMMAND: "bash"
[19837129436] [IN] PID: 2326 TASK: f2ad5030 CPU: 6 COMMAND: "sshd"
[19289476417] [IN] PID: 1772 TASK: f5665570 CPU: 5 COMMAND: "sendmail"
...
Show the most-recently run tasks on cpu 0 using both the -l and the -m
options:
crash> ps -m -C0
CPU: 0
[ 0 00:00:00.003] [RU] PID: 1205 TASK: dee03f20 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "insmod"
[ 0 00:00:00.006] [RU] PID: 770 TASK: df9e9940 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "rsyslogd"
[ 0 00:00:00.009] [IN] PID: 603 TASK: df9bcbc0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "udevd"
[ 0 00:00:00.010] [IN] PID: 348 TASK: df9ecbc0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "udevd"
[ 0 00:00:00.013] [IN] PID: 934 TASK: df9171a0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "hald"
[ 0 00:00:00.023] [IN] PID: 6 TASK: df443f20 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "events/0"
[ 0 00:00:00.029] [IN] PID: 15 TASK: df46b280 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "kblockd/0"
[ 0 00:00:00.101] [IN] PID: 1168 TASK: dee01940 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "bash"
[ 0 00:00:01.404] [IN] PID: 272 TASK: dfa48ca0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "flush-8:0"
...
crash> ps -l -C0
CPU: 0
[137146164748] [RU] PID: 1205 TASK: dee03f20 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "insmod"
[137142534372] [RU] PID: 770 TASK: df9e9940 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "rsyslogd"
[137140168469] [IN] PID: 603 TASK: df9bcbc0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "udevd"
[137138826427] [IN] PID: 348 TASK: df9ecbc0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "udevd"
[137135214599] [IN] PID: 934 TASK: df9171a0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "hald"
[137125651275] [IN] PID: 6 TASK: df443f20 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "events/0"
[137119564815] [IN] PID: 15 TASK: df46b280 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "kblockd/0"
[137047715027] [IN] PID: 1168 TASK: dee01940 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "bash"
[135744209052] [IN] PID: 272 TASK: dfa48ca0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "flush-8:0"
...
Show the kernel stack pointer of each user task:
crash> ps -us
PID PPID CPU KSTACKP ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
1 0 0 c009bedc IN 0.0 1096 52 init
239 1 0 c15e7ed8 IN 0.2 1332 224 pump
280 1 1 c7cbdedc IN 0.2 1092 208 portmap
295 1 0 c7481edc IN 0.0 1232 0 ypbind
301 295 0 c7c7bf28 IN 0.1 1260 124 ypbind
376 1 1 c5053f28 IN 0.0 1316 40 automount
381 1 0 c34ddf28 IN 0.2 1316 224 automount
391 1 1 c2777f28 IN 0.2 1316 224 automount
...
Display the argument and environment data for the automount task:
crash> ps -a automount
PID: 3948 TASK: f722ee30 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "automount"
ARG: /usr/sbin/automount --timeout=60 /net program /etc/auto.net
ENV: SELINUX_INIT=YES
CONSOLE=/dev/console
TERM=linux
INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
LC_MESSAGES=en_US
RUNLEVEL=3
runlevel=3
PWD=/
LANG=ja_JP.UTF-8
PREVLEVEL=N
previous=N
HOME=/
SHLVL=2
_=/usr/sbin/automount
Display the tasks in the thread group containing task c20ab0b0:
crash> ps -g c20ab0b0
PID: 6425 TASK: f72f50b0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "firefox-bin"
PID: 6516 TASK: f71bf1b0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "firefox-bin"
PID: 6518 TASK: d394b930 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "firefox-bin"
PID: 6520 TASK: c20aa030 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "firefox-bin"
PID: 6523 TASK: c20ab0b0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "firefox-bin"
PID: 6614 TASK: f1f181b0 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "firefox-bin"
Display the tasks in the thread group for each instance of the
program named "multi-thread":
crash> ps -g multi-thread
PID: 2522 TASK: 1003f0dc7f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2523 TASK: 10037b13030 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2524 TASK: 1003e064030 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2525 TASK: 1003e13a7f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2526 TASK: 1002f82b7f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2527 TASK: 1003e1737f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2528 TASK: 10035b4b7f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2529 TASK: 1003f0c37f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2530 TASK: 10035597030 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
PID: 2531 TASK: 100184be7f0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "multi-thread"
Display the resource limits of "bash" task 13896:
crash> ps -r 13896
PID: 13896 TASK: cf402000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "bash"
RLIMIT CURRENT MAXIMUM
CPU (unlimited) (unlimited)
FSIZE (unlimited) (unlimited)
DATA (unlimited) (unlimited)
STACK 10485760 (unlimited)
CORE (unlimited) (unlimited)
RSS (unlimited) (unlimited)
NPROC 4091 4091
NOFILE 1024 1024
MEMLOCK 4096 4096
AS (unlimited) (unlimited)
LOCKS (unlimited) (unlimited)
Search for task names matching a POSIX regular expression:
crash> ps 'migration*'
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
8 2 0 ffff8802128a2e20 IN 0.0 0 0 [migration/0]
10 2 1 ffff880212969710 IN 0.0 0 0 [migration/1]
15 2 2 ffff880212989710 IN 0.0 0 0 [migration/2]
20 2 3 ffff8802129a9710 IN 0.0 0 0 [migration/3]
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